johannes/app-backup
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app-backup/lib/common.sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Shared safety rules. Configuration is trusted root-owned Bash, never archive input.
set -Eeuo pipefail
shopt -s inherit_errexit
umask 077
export LC_ALL=C
die() { echo "ERROR: $*" >&2; exit 1; }
need() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null || die "Missing tool: $1"; }
helper() { python3 "$LIB_DIR/backup_set.py" "$@"; }
secure_file() {
[[ -f "$1" && ! -L "$1" ]] || die "Expected regular file: $1"
[[ $(stat -c %u "$1") == 0 ]] || die "File must belong to root: $1"
(( (8#$(stat -c %a "$1") & 8#022) == 0 )) || die "File writable by group/others: $1"
}
load_config() {
[[ $EUID == 0 ]] || die "Run as root."
secure_file "$CONFIG_FILE"
# shellcheck disable=SC1090
source "$CONFIG_FILE"
: "${WORKDIR:=/var/backups/app-backup}"
: "${STAGING_ROOT:=$WORKDIR/staging}" "${ARCHIVE_DIR:=$WORKDIR/archives}"
: "${RESTORE_ROOT:=$WORKDIR/restore}" "${LOG_DIR:=/var/log/app-backup}"
: "${LOCKFILE:=/run/app-backup.lock}" "${ARCHIVE_PREFIX:=appbackup}"
: "${COMPRESSOR:=zstd}" "${ZSTD_LEVEL:=6}" "${ZSTD_THREADS:=2}"
: "${LOG_RETENTION_DAYS:=30}"
: "${MIN_FREE_GB:=10}" "${LOCAL_RETENTION_DAYS:=7}" "${REMOTE_RETENTION_DAYS:=30}"
: "${RETENTION_KEEP_LAST:=3}" "${ENABLE_REMOTE_RETENTION:=false}"
: "${SPACE_KEEP_LOCAL:=1}"
: "${ENABLE_UPLOAD:=true}" "${RCLONE_BIN:=rclone}"
: "${RCLONE_REMOTE_BASE:=}" "${RCLONE_CONFIG:=/root/.config/rclone/rclone.conf}"
: "${RCLONE_RETRIES:=6}" "${RCLONE_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES:=20}"
: "${RCLONE_RETRIES_SLEEP:=30s}" "${RCLONE_TIMEOUT:=1h}" "${RCLONE_CONTIMEOUT:=30s}"
: "${RCLONE_STATS_INTERVAL:=1m}"
: "${RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS:=3}" "${RCLONE_CHECK_RETRY_DELAY:=30}"
: "${RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT:=300}" "${RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE:=3600}" "${RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES:=3}"
: "${RCLONE_TRANSFERS:=2}" "${RCLONE_CHECKERS:=4}" "${RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_CHUNK_SIZE:=80Mi}"
: "${RCLONE_BWLIMIT:=0}" "${ENABLE_MAIL_REPORT:=true}" "${MAIL_TO:=johannes}"
# Keep the old report settings; an empty sender uses app-backup@<FQDN>.
: "${MAIL_FROM:=}" "${MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX:=[app-backup]}" "${MAIL_INCLUDE_LOG_TAIL_LINES:=200}"
: "${MAIL_HOSTNAME:=}"
: "${MAIL_SENDMAIL_BIN:=/usr/sbin/sendmail}" "${MAIL_SEND_TIMEOUT:=30}"
: "${ENABLE_RESTORE_TEST:=false}" "${RESTORE_TEST_DB_IMAGE:=}"
: "${RESTORE_TEST_MAX_WORK_GB:=0}" "${RESTORE_TEST_MIN_FREE_GB:=2}"
: "${RESTORE_TEST_MAX_AGE_HOURS:=72}" "${RESTORE_TEST_TIMEOUT:=39600}"
: "${ENABLE_WORDPRESS:=false}" "${ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD:=false}" "${ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD_DATA:=true}"
: "${ENABLE_GITEA:=false}" "${ENABLE_MAIL:=false}" "${ENABLE_DB_DUMPS:=true}"
: "${ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD_MAINTENANCE:=true}" "${NC_OCC_USER:=apache}"
: "${ENABLE_GITEA_SERVICE_STOP:=true}" "${GITEA_SERVICE_NAME:=gitea}"
: "${GITEA_DATA_DIR:=/var/lib/gitea/data}" "${GITEA_ETC_DIR:=/etc/gitea}"
: "${ENABLE_HTTPD_STOP:=true}" "${HTTPD_SERVICE_NAME:=httpd}"
: "${ENABLE_PHPFPM_STOP:=true}" "${PHPFPM_SERVICE_NAME:=php-fpm}"
: "${MAIL_BACKUP_MODE:=stop}" "${ENABLE_MAIL_HOME_DIRS:=true}" "${ENABLE_MAIL_STORE:=true}"
: "${MAIL_DIR:=/var/vmail}" "${POSTFIX_DIR:=/etc/postfix}" "${DOVECOT_DIR:=/etc/dovecot}"
: "${RESTORE_STRICT_DELETE:=false}"
# Preserve old space-separated lists; arrays additionally support spaces in paths.
if ! declare -p MAIL_HOME_DIRS &>/dev/null; then MAIL_HOME_DIRS=(/home/johannes /home/luciana); fi
if [[ $(declare -p MAIL_HOME_DIRS) != 'declare -a '* ]]; then
read -r -a MAIL_HOME_DIRS <<< "${MAIL_HOME_DIRS[0]}"
fi
if ! declare -p MAIL_HOME_EXCLUDES &>/dev/null; then
MAIL_HOME_EXCLUDES=(OneDrive/ .cache/ .ccache/ .local/share/Trash/)
elif [[ $(declare -p MAIL_HOME_EXCLUDES) != 'declare -a '* ]]; then
read -r -a MAIL_HOME_EXCLUDES <<< "${MAIL_HOME_EXCLUDES[0]}"
fi
for v in ENABLE_UPLOAD ENABLE_REMOTE_RETENTION ENABLE_MAIL_REPORT ENABLE_WORDPRESS ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD \
ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD_DATA ENABLE_GITEA ENABLE_MAIL ENABLE_MAIL_STORE ENABLE_DB_DUMPS ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD_MAINTENANCE \
ENABLE_GITEA_SERVICE_STOP ENABLE_HTTPD_STOP ENABLE_PHPFPM_STOP ENABLE_MAIL_HOME_DIRS RESTORE_STRICT_DELETE ENABLE_RESTORE_TEST; do
[[ ${!v} == true || ${!v} == false ]] || die "$v must be true or false"
done
for v in LOG_RETENTION_DAYS MIN_FREE_GB LOCAL_RETENTION_DAYS REMOTE_RETENTION_DAYS RETENTION_KEEP_LAST ZSTD_LEVEL ZSTD_THREADS; do
[[ ${!v} =~ ^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)$ ]] || die "$v must be a non-negative integer"
done
(( RETENTION_KEEP_LAST >= 2 )) || die "RETENTION_KEEP_LAST must be >= 2"
[[ $SPACE_KEEP_LOCAL =~ ^[1-9][0-9]{0,5}$ ]] || die 'SPACE_KEEP_LOCAL must be an integer between 1 and 999999'
# Seconds/counts only: never permit disabled deadlines or unbounded retries.
for v in RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE RCLONE_CHECK_RETRY_DELAY; do
[[ ${!v} =~ ^(0|[1-9][0-9]{0,5})$ ]] || die "$v must be a bounded integer"
done
(( RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS >= 1 && RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS <= 10 && RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES >= 1 && RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES <= 20 )) || die 'Invalid remote check retry limits'
(( RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT >= 1 && RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT <= 3600 && RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE >= 1 && RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE <= 86400 && RCLONE_CHECK_RETRY_DELAY <= 3600 )) || die 'Invalid remote check time limits'
(( MIN_FREE_GB <= 1000000 )) || die 'MIN_FREE_GB must not exceed 1000000'
(( ZSTD_LEVEL >= 1 && ZSTD_LEVEL <= 19 && ZSTD_THREADS >= 1 )) || die "Invalid zstd settings"
[[ $ARCHIVE_PREFIX =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*$ ]] || die "Unsafe ARCHIVE_PREFIX"
[[ $COMPRESSOR == zstd || $COMPRESSOR == gzip ]] || die "COMPRESSOR must be zstd or gzip"
[[ $MAIL_BACKUP_MODE == stop || $MAIL_BACKUP_MODE == live ]] || die "MAIL_BACKUP_MODE must be stop or live"
# A homes-only setup must still contain mailbox data, not just server config.
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL == true && $ENABLE_MAIL_STORE == false ]]; then
[[ $ENABLE_MAIL_HOME_DIRS == true && ${#MAIL_HOME_DIRS[@]} -gt 0 ]] || die 'Mail without a central store requires enabled, nonempty MAIL_HOME_DIRS'
fi
if [[ -z ${DB_DUMP_BIN:-} ]]; then DB_DUMP_BIN=$(command -v mariadb-dump || command -v mysqldump || true); fi
if [[ -z ${DB_CLIENT_BIN:-} ]]; then DB_CLIENT_BIN=$(command -v mariadb || command -v mysql || true); fi
}
guard_workspaces() {
local p src resolved other
local sources=("${EXTRA_PATHS[@]}")
if [[ $ENABLE_WORDPRESS == true ]]; then sources+=("${WP_DIR:-}"); fi
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then sources+=("${NC_DIR:-}" "${NC_DATA_DIR:-}"); fi
if [[ $ENABLE_GITEA == true ]]; then sources+=("$GITEA_DATA_DIR" "$GITEA_ETC_DIR" "${GITEA_REPOS_DIR:-}" "${GITEA_CUSTOM_DIR:-}"); fi
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL == true ]]; then
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL_STORE == true ]]; then sources+=("$MAIL_DIR"); fi
sources+=("$POSTFIX_DIR" "$DOVECOT_DIR")
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL_HOME_DIRS == true ]]; then sources+=("${MAIL_HOME_DIRS[@]}"); fi
fi
# Validate the WHOLE plan before mkdir/chmod touches any configured directory.
for p in "$WORKDIR" "$STAGING_ROOT" "$ARCHIVE_DIR" "$RESTORE_ROOT" "$LOG_DIR"; do
resolved=$(realpath -m -- "$p")
case $resolved in /|/etc|/usr|/usr/local|/var|/var/lib|/var/log|/var/backups|/home|/root|/tmp|/run|/opt|/srv)
die "Use a dedicated working directory, not $resolved" ;;
esac
for src in "${sources[@]}"; do
[[ -n $src ]] || continue
other=$(realpath -m -- "$src")
[[ $resolved != "$other" && $resolved != "$other/"* && $other != "$resolved/"* ]] || die "Source and working path overlap: $src / $p"
done
done
}
init_runtime() {
need python3; need flock
guard_workspaces
# shellcheck source=lib/locking.sh
source "$LIB_DIR/locking.sh"
acquire_backup_lock 1
for p in "$WORKDIR" "$STAGING_ROOT" "$ARCHIVE_DIR" "$RESTORE_ROOT" "$LOG_DIR"; do
[[ $p == /* && $p != / && $p != *$'\n'* && $p != *$'\t'* ]] || die "Unsafe working path: $p"
[[ ! -L $p ]] || die "Symlink working directory refused: $p"
mkdir -p -- "$p"
[[ $(stat -c %u "$p") == 0 ]] || die "Working directory must belong to root: $p"
chmod 700 -- "$p"
done
RUN_ID="${ARCHIVE_PREFIX}_$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)_$(python3 -c 'import secrets; print(secrets.token_hex(4))')"
LOG_FILE="$LOG_DIR/${OPERATION}_${RUN_ID}.log"
RUN_STARTED_EPOCH=$(date +%s)
BACKUP_PHASE=preflight
UPLOAD_STATUS=NOT_STARTED
if [[ $ENABLE_UPLOAD != true ]]; then UPLOAD_STATUS=DISABLED; fi
# Journald already captures service stdout. No dependency on systemd-cat in terminals.
# Keep the log pipe alive while systemd sends TERM to the whole control group.
# tee exits on EOF after the recovery traps close their writers.
exec {REPORT_STDOUT}>&1 {REPORT_STDERR}>&2
exec > >(trap '' INT TERM; exec tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1
REPORT_LOGGER_PID=$!
echo "== $OPERATION $RUN_ID =="
local security_context
if security_context=$(id -Z 2>/dev/null); then echo "-- SELinux process context: $security_context"; fi
need rsync; need tar; need "$COMPRESSOR"
STOPPED_SERVICES=(); GUARDED_SERVICES=(); GUARD_FILES=(); GUARD_STAMPS=(); SERVICE_GUARD_DIR=''; NC_CHANGED=false; NC_WAS_ON=false; MUTATION_STARTED=false
trap 'exit 130' INT
trap 'exit 143' TERM
trap finish EXIT
}
# Same canonical paths must not contain one another when backup writes into them.
check_source_path() {
local src p
src=$(realpath -e -- "$1") || die "Missing source: $1"
[[ -d $src && $src != / ]] || die "Source must be a directory other than /: $1"
[[ $src != *$'\n'* && $src != *$'\t'* ]] || die "Unsupported control character in path"
for p in "$WORKDIR" "$STAGING_ROOT" "$ARCHIVE_DIR" "$RESTORE_ROOT" "$LOG_DIR"; do
p=$(realpath -m -- "$p")
[[ $p != "$src" && $p != "$src/"* && $src != "$p/"* ]] || die "Source and working path overlap: $src / $p"
done
}
# Build a stable component mapping. Restore destinations come ONLY from local config.
build_plan() {
LABELS=(); SOURCES=(); ROOTS=(); DB_LABELS=(); DB_NAMES=(); DB_CNFS=()
if [[ $ENABLE_WORDPRESS == true ]]; then add_source wordpress "${WP_DIR:?Set WP_DIR}"; add_db wordpress WP; fi
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then
add_source nextcloud "${NC_DIR:?Set NC_DIR}"
: "${NC_DATA_DIR:=$NC_DIR/data}"
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD_DATA == true ]]; then add_source nextcloud-data "$NC_DATA_DIR"; fi
add_db nextcloud NC
fi
if [[ $ENABLE_GITEA == true ]]; then
add_source gitea "$GITEA_DATA_DIR"; add_source gitea-etc "$GITEA_ETC_DIR"
[[ -z ${GITEA_REPOS_DIR:-} ]] || add_source gitea-repos "$GITEA_REPOS_DIR"
[[ -z ${GITEA_CUSTOM_DIR:-} ]] || add_source gitea-custom "$GITEA_CUSTOM_DIR"
add_db gitea GITEA
fi
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL == true ]]; then
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL_STORE == true ]]; then add_source mail "$MAIL_DIR"; fi
add_source postfix "$POSTFIX_DIR"; add_source dovecot "$DOVECOT_DIR"
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL_HOME_DIRS == true ]]; then
local i=0
for p in "${MAIL_HOME_DIRS[@]}"; do add_source "mail-home-$i" "$p"; i=$((i+1)); done
fi
fi
local i=0
for p in "${EXTRA_PATHS[@]}"; do add_source "extra-$i" "$p"; i=$((i+1)); done
(( ${#LABELS[@]} > 0 )) || die "No enabled sources"
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then
local nc_path data_path
nc_path=$(realpath -m -- "$NC_DIR"); data_path=$(realpath -m -- "$NC_DATA_DIR")
[[ $nc_path != "$data_path" && $nc_path != "$data_path/"* ]] || die 'Nextcloud data must not contain the code directory'
if [[ $ENABLE_WORDPRESS == true ]]; then
[[ $(realpath -m -- "$WP_DIR") != "$nc_path" ]] || die 'WordPress and Nextcloud must not share the same directory'
fi
fi
}
add_source() { LABELS+=("$1"); SOURCES+=("$2"); ROOTS+=("files/$1"); }
add_db() {
[[ $ENABLE_DB_DUMPS == true ]] || return 0
local n="${2}_DB_NAME" c="${2}_DB_CNF"
[[ -n ${!n:-} && -n ${!c:-} ]] || die "Set $n and $c for enabled application"
[[ ${!n} =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*$ ]] || die "Unsupported database name: ${!n}"
DB_LABELS+=("db-$1"); DB_NAMES+=("${!n}"); DB_CNFS+=("${!c}")
}
check_db_credentials() {
local f
for f in "${DB_CNFS[@]}"; do
secure_file "$f"
(( (8#$(stat -c %a "$f") & 8#077) == 0 )) || die "Use chmod 600 for DB credentials: $f"
done
}
check_source_access() (
# This subshell owns only a fresh private probe directory. Keep source data
# untouched and clean probe objects even if an attribute operation fails.
local probe p
probe=$(mktemp -d "$STAGING_ROOT/.access-probe-XXXXXXXX")
trap 'rm -rf -- "$probe"' EXIT
# Test through rsync itself: under SELinux it can enter a different domain
# than this root shell. A shell test -r / realpath alone misses that denial.
# --dirs lists one directory level only, without reading file contents,
# recursing through live mailboxes, or creating a destination.
for p in "${SOURCES[@]}"; do
rsync --list-only --dirs -- "$p/" 8>&- 9>&- >/dev/null || die "rsync cannot list source: $p; check permissions and SELinux audit records before retrying"
mkdir "$probe/root"
# Exclude ALL children: copy only root-directory metadata into the private
# probe. Exercise chmod/chown/times/ACLs/xattrs, including SELinux labels,
# before maintenance. This is not a recursive/full content access test.
rsync -aHAX --numeric-ids --exclude='/*' -- "$p/" "$probe/root/" 8>&- 9>&- || die "rsync cannot preserve directory metadata for: $p; inspect SELinux/filesystem permissions"
rm -rf -- "$probe/root"
done
echo '-- Source directory access and staging metadata probe passed'
)
preflight() {
for p in "${SOURCES[@]}"; do check_source_path "$p"; done
if [[ $OPERATION == backup ]]; then check_source_access; fi
check_db_credentials
if (( ${#DB_LABELS[@]} )); then
need "$DB_DUMP_BIN"; need "$DB_CLIENT_BIN"
for i in "${!DB_LABELS[@]}"; do
"$DB_CLIENT_BIN" --defaults-extra-file="${DB_CNFS[i]}" --database="${DB_NAMES[i]}" --execute='SELECT 1' >/dev/null
# Restore uses different privileges; this prerequisite belongs to dumps.
# Metadata only: never briefly lock the live database during --check.
if [[ $OPERATION == backup ]]; then
helper db-privileges "$DB_CLIENT_BIN" "${DB_CNFS[i]}" "${DB_NAMES[i]}"
fi
done
fi
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then need sudo; need php; [[ -f $NC_DIR/occ ]] || die "Nextcloud occ missing"; fi
need systemctl
if [[ $ENABLE_UPLOAD == true ]]; then check_remote; fi
check_space "$STAGING_ROOT"; check_space "$ARCHIVE_DIR"
}
check_space() {
local avail
avail=$(df -PB1 -- "$1" | awk 'END{print $4}')
(( avail >= MIN_FREE_GB * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 )) || die "Free-space reserve (${MIN_FREE_GB} GiB) unavailable on $1"
}
check_remote() {
need "$RCLONE_BIN"
need timeout
[[ $RCLONE_REMOTE_BASE =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+:[^:]+$ ]] || die "Use a named crypt remote with a dedicated non-empty path"
[[ $RCLONE_REMOTE_BASE != *$'\n'* ]] || die "Invalid remote path"
secure_file "$RCLONE_CONFIG"
(( (8#$(stat -c %a "$RCLONE_CONFIG") & 8#077) == 0 )) || die "Use chmod 600 for rclone config"
# Environment-defined backend types/settings could invalidate a config-only audit.
local key name=${RCLONE_REMOTE_BASE%%:*}
for key in ${!RCLONE_CONFIG_@}; do
[[ $key == RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS ]] || die "Remote overrides through $key are unsupported; use the config file"
done
# rclone reads global flags from exported RCLONE_* variables too. Filters
# can hide missing archives from both copy and check. Refuse such ambient flags
# before the first remote operation, rather than silently weakening verification.
# Allow only our explicit settings (passed as CLI flags) and config decryption.
while IFS= read -r key; do
[[ $key == RCLONE_* ]] || continue
case $key in
RCLONE_BIN|RCLONE_CONFIG|RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS|RCLONE_REMOTE_BASE|RCLONE_RETRIES|\
RCLONE_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES|RCLONE_RETRIES_SLEEP|RCLONE_TIMEOUT|RCLONE_CONTIMEOUT|\
RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS|RCLONE_CHECK_RETRY_DELAY|RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT|RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE|RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES|\
RCLONE_STATS_INTERVAL|RCLONE_TRANSFERS|RCLONE_CHECKERS|RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_CHUNK_SIZE|RCLONE_BWLIMIT) ;;
*) die "Unsupported rclone environment override: $key; use documented app-backup settings and the remote config" ;;
esac
done < <(compgen -e)
# Pipe directly into the parser: compatibility with older rclone without
# config redacted. Secret values never go to the log or a temporary file.
"$RCLONE_BIN" --ask-password=false --config "$RCLONE_CONFIG" config show "$name" | helper crypt "$name"
RCLONE_ARGS=(--ask-password=false --config "$RCLONE_CONFIG" --no-check-certificate=false --crypt-filename-encryption standard
--crypt-directory-name-encryption=true --crypt-no-data-encryption=false
--retries "$RCLONE_RETRIES" --low-level-retries "$RCLONE_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES"
--retries-sleep "$RCLONE_RETRIES_SLEEP" --timeout "$RCLONE_TIMEOUT" --contimeout "$RCLONE_CONTIMEOUT"
--stats "$RCLONE_STATS_INTERVAL" --stats-one-line --stats-log-level NOTICE
--transfers "$RCLONE_TRANSFERS" --checkers "$RCLONE_CHECKERS" --onedrive-chunk-size "$RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_CHUNK_SIZE"
--bwlimit "$RCLONE_BWLIMIT")
rc lsd "${name}:" --max-depth 1 >/dev/null
}
# Statistics go to stderr, leaving stdout intact for manifests/markers captured
# by callers. NOTICE makes periodic progress visible without verbose HTTP logs.
rc() { "$RCLONE_BIN" "${RCLONE_ARGS[@]}" "$@"; }
remote_metadata_check() {
local attempt code=1
# rclone check uses cmd.Run(false, ...): --retries does NOT repeat the whole
# check. Retry the complete metadata comparison; never download archive data.
# Content integrity is checked by the monthly restore test.
for ((attempt=1; attempt<=RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS; attempt++)); do
echo "-- Remote metadata check attempt $attempt/$RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS (deadline ${RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE}s, idle ${RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT}s)"
# GNU timeout bounds backend pacing/retries as well as stalled I/O. It owns
# a process group so TERM/KILL cannot leave an old check running on retry.
# Combined output names missing files and size mismatches.
if timeout --kill-after=10s "${RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE}s" \
"$RCLONE_BIN" "${RCLONE_ARGS[@]}" check "$@" --size-only \
--timeout "${RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT}s" --low-level-retries "$RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES" \
--stats-one-line=false --stats-one-line-date=false --combined -; then
echo "-- Remote metadata check attempt $attempt passed (all selected files)"
return 0
else
code=$?
fi
echo "WARNING: Remote metadata check attempt $attempt/$RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS failed (exit $code; 124 means deadline exceeded)"
# Preserve cancellation semantics, including a forced kill after the grace
# period. Do not restart a command an operator/service manager has stopped.
if (( code >= 128 )); then return "$code"; fi
if (( attempt < RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS )); then
sleep "$RCLONE_CHECK_RETRY_DELAY" || return $?
fi
done
echo 'ERROR: Remote metadata check exhausted; remote file presence/sizes remain unverified'
return "$code"
}
# Before reclaiming a local copy, bind the remote sizes to the exact local
# manifest and completion marker. No archive download or temporary disk space.
remote_identity_check() {
local dir=$1 remote=$2 file attempt code size
local -a statuses
need cmp
for file in manifest.json COMPLETE; do
size=$(stat -c %s -- "$dir/$file") || return 1
code=1
for ((attempt=1; attempt<=RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS; attempt++)); do
if timeout --kill-after=10s "${RCLONE_CHECK_DEADLINE}s" \
"$RCLONE_BIN" "${RCLONE_ARGS[@]}" cat "$remote/$file" --head "$((size + 1))" \
--timeout "${RCLONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT}s" --low-level-retries "$RCLONE_CHECK_LOW_LEVEL_RETRIES" |
cmp -s -- "$dir/$file" -; then
code=0
break
else
statuses=("${PIPESTATUS[@]}")
code=${statuses[0]}
if (( code == 0 )); then code=${statuses[1]}; fi
fi
(( code < 128 )) || return "$code"
echo "WARNING: Remote identity check failed: $file (attempt $attempt/$RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS)"
if (( attempt < RCLONE_CHECK_ATTEMPTS )); then sleep "$RCLONE_CHECK_RETRY_DELAY" || return $?; fi
done
(( code == 0 )) || return "$code"
done
}
# Exclusions are rooted so a nested directory named data is not accidentally lost.
exclusions() {
EXCLUDES=()
local rel x
if [[ $1 == wordpress ]]; then
for x in "${NC_DIR:-}" "${NC_DATA_DIR:-}"; do
[[ -n $x ]] || continue
rel=$(realpath -m --relative-to="${WP_DIR}" -- "$x")
if [[ $rel != .. && $rel != ../* && $rel != . ]]; then EXCLUDES+=("--exclude=/$rel/***"); fi
done
for x in "${WP_EXCLUDES[@]}"; do EXCLUDES+=("--exclude=$x"); done
elif [[ $1 == nextcloud ]]; then
rel=$(realpath -m --relative-to="$NC_DIR" -- "$NC_DATA_DIR")
if [[ $rel != .. && $rel != ../* && $rel != . ]]; then EXCLUDES+=("--exclude=/$rel/***"); fi
elif [[ $1 == mail-home-* ]]; then
EXCLUDES+=(--one-file-system)
for x in "${MAIL_HOME_EXCLUDES[@]}"; do EXCLUDES+=("--exclude=${x#--exclude=}"); done
fi
}
# A stop alone does not exclude timer/monitor/dependency activation. Attach a
# run-owned runtime condition before stopping each writer. Unlike a runtime mask,
# a drop-in also works for administrator units whose main file lives in /etc.
# This runtime root is overridable only by the trusted config (isolated tests).
install_service_guard() {
local unit=$1 id load dir file paths existing
for id in "${GUARDED_SERVICES[@]}"; do [[ $id != "$unit" ]] || return 0; done
load=$(systemctl show "$unit" --property=LoadState --value)
[[ $load == loaded || $load == masked ]] || die "Cannot guard unloaded unit: $unit ($load)"
if [[ $load == masked ]]; then
# Preserve pre-existing masks verbatim; never claim ownership of them.
GUARDED_SERVICES+=("$unit"); GUARD_FILES+=(''); return 0
fi
id=$(systemctl show "$unit" --property=Id --value)
[[ $id =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9_@:.\\-]+\.(service|timer|socket|path)$ ]] || die "Unsupported writer unit name: $id"
: "${SERVICE_GUARD_RUNTIME_ROOT:=/run}"
[[ $SERVICE_GUARD_RUNTIME_ROOT =~ ^/[a-zA-Z0-9_./-]+$ ]] || die 'Unsafe service guard runtime root'
if [[ -z $SERVICE_GUARD_DIR ]]; then
SERVICE_GUARD_DIR=$(mktemp -d "$SERVICE_GUARD_RUNTIME_ROOT/app-backup-guard-XXXXXXXX")
fi
dir="$SERVICE_GUARD_RUNTIME_ROOT/systemd/system/$id.d"
[[ ! -L $dir ]] || die "Symlink writer drop-in directory refused: $dir"
mkdir -p -- "$dir"
[[ $(stat -c %u "$dir") == 0 ]] || die "Writer drop-in directory must belong to root: $dir"
(( (8#$(stat -c %a "$dir") & 8#022) == 0 )) || die "Unsafe writer drop-in directory: $dir"
file="$dir/zzzz-app-backup-$RUN_ID.conf"
for existing in "${GUARD_FILES[@]}"; do [[ $existing != "$file" ]] || return 0; done
[[ ! -e $file && ! -L $file ]] || die "Guard file already exists: $file"
GUARDED_SERVICES+=("$unit"); GUARD_FILES+=("$file")
# Record our exact paths BEFORE changing systemd state, including on failures.
save_recovery
(set -o noclobber; printf '[Unit]\nConditionPathExists=!%s\n' "$SERVICE_GUARD_DIR" > "$file")
systemctl daemon-reload
paths=$(systemctl show "$unit" --property=DropInPaths --value)
# Requiring our drop-in last avoids a later Condition*= resetting the guard.
[[ ${paths##* } == "$file" ]] || die "Start guard not loaded last for $unit; review its drop-ins"
echo "-- Start guard installed: $unit"
}
assert_services_quiescent() {
local i unit state stamp paths
for i in "${!GUARDED_SERVICES[@]}"; do
unit=${GUARDED_SERVICES[i]}
state=$(systemctl show "$unit" --property=ActiveState --value)
[[ $state == inactive || $state == failed ]] || die "Consistency lost: writer $unit became $state during the copy window"
if [[ -n ${GUARD_FILES[i]} ]]; then
[[ -d $SERVICE_GUARD_DIR && -f ${GUARD_FILES[i]} ]] || die "Consistency lost: start guard removed for $unit"
[[ $(cat -- "${GUARD_FILES[i]}") == "$(printf '[Unit]\nConditionPathExists=!%s' "$SERVICE_GUARD_DIR")" ]] || die "Consistency lost: start guard changed for $unit"
paths=$(systemctl show "$unit" --property=DropInPaths --value)
[[ ${paths##* } == "${GUARD_FILES[i]}" ]] || die "Consistency lost: start guard overridden for $unit"
else
[[ $(systemctl show "$unit" --property=LoadState --value) == masked ]] || die "Consistency lost: existing mask removed for $unit"
fi
stamp=$(systemctl show "$unit" --property=ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic --property=InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic)
if [[ -n ${GUARD_STAMPS[i]:-} && $stamp != "${GUARD_STAMPS[i]}" ]]; then
die "Consistency lost: writer $unit was restarted during the copy window"
fi
[[ -n $stamp ]] || die "Missing writer state timestamps: $unit"
GUARD_STAMPS[i]=$stamp
done
}
release_service_guards() {
local file
# Remove only this run's drop-ins. Keep the condition directory until reload
# succeeds, so stale manager state continues to refuse starts on failure.
for file in "${GUARD_FILES[@]}"; do
[[ -z $file ]] || rm -f -- "$file" || return 1
done
if (( ${#GUARDED_SERVICES[@]} )); then systemctl daemon-reload || return 1; fi
if [[ -n $SERVICE_GUARD_DIR ]]; then rmdir -- "$SERVICE_GUARD_DIR" || return 1; fi
SERVICE_GUARD_DIR=''; GUARDED_SERVICES=(); GUARD_FILES=(); GUARD_STAMPS=()
}
stop_service() {
local state
install_service_guard "$1"
state=$(systemctl show "$1" --property=ActiveState --value)
case $state in
active|activating|reloading)
# Record intent before stop: a failed/partial stop still needs recovery.
STOPPED_SERVICES+=("$1")
save_recovery
echo "-- Stopping service: $1 (waiting for systemd)"
# Conditions block activation, but a concurrent reload/start can still
# replace a pending stop job before conditions are evaluated. Protect the
# job until it finishes; this is not a persistent mask and does not alter
# stop timeouts or the normal recovery start after releasing our guards.
if ! systemctl stop "$1" --job-mode=replace-irreversibly; then
die "Could not stop writer $1; inspect its systemd journal (stop failure or explicit job cancellation)"
fi
echo "-- Service stopped: $1"
;;
inactive|failed) ;;
*) die "Unknown/transitioning service state for $1: $state" ;;
esac
}
occ() { sudo -u "$NC_OCC_USER" php "$NC_DIR/occ" "$@"; }
quiesce() {
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD_MAINTENANCE == true ]]; then
local status
status=$(occ status --output=json)
NC_WAS_ON=$(printf '%s' "$status" | python3 -c 'import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); assert isinstance(d["maintenance"], bool); print(str(d["maintenance"]).lower())')
if [[ $NC_WAS_ON == false ]]; then NC_CHANGED=true; save_recovery; occ maintenance:mode --on; fi
else echo "WARNING: Nextcloud maintenance disabled; consistency depends on external writer shutdown"; fi
fi
# Cron daemons are included only if explicitly configured by the operator.
for p in "${QUIESCE_SERVICES[@]}"; do stop_service "$p"; done
if [[ $ENABLE_WORDPRESS == true || $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then
if [[ $ENABLE_HTTPD_STOP == true ]]; then stop_service "$HTTPD_SERVICE_NAME"; fi
if [[ $ENABLE_PHPFPM_STOP == true ]]; then stop_service "$PHPFPM_SERVICE_NAME"; fi
fi
if [[ $ENABLE_GITEA == true ]]; then
if [[ $ENABLE_GITEA_SERVICE_STOP == true ]]; then stop_service "$GITEA_SERVICE_NAME"; else echo "WARNING: Gitea is not stopped"; fi
fi
if [[ $ENABLE_MAIL == true ]]; then
if [[ $MAIL_BACKUP_MODE == stop ]]; then stop_service postfix; stop_service dovecot
else echo "WARNING: live mail copy is not a consistent snapshot"; fi
fi
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then
# Cron daemons may leave an already launched PHP child running after stop.
# Wait for direct cron.php / occ processes to finish; never kill them blindly.
echo '-- Waiting for remaining Nextcloud writers'
helper wait-nextcloud "$NC_DIR" "${WRITER_DRAIN_TIMEOUT:=300}"
echo '-- Nextcloud writers finished'
fi
assert_services_quiescent
echo '-- All configured writers stopped and protected against activation'
}
# Survives SIGKILL/power loss, which Bash traps cannot handle. This is an
# instruction record for the operator, not an automatically executed recovery.
save_recovery() {
python3 - "$WORKDIR/recovery-$RUN_ID.json" "$OPERATION" "$NC_CHANGED" "$NC_WAS_ON" "${STAGING_DIR:-}" "$SERVICE_GUARD_DIR" "${#GUARD_FILES[@]}" "${GUARD_FILES[@]}" "${STOPPED_SERVICES[@]}" <<'PYREC'
import json,os,sys
path,operation,changed,was_on,staging,guard_dir,count,*items=sys.argv[1:]
guard_files=items[:int(count)]
services=items[int(count):]
with open(path+'.tmp','w') as stream:
json.dump(dict(operation=operation, staging=staging, nextcloud_changed=changed=='true', nextcloud_was_on=was_on=='true', stopped_services=services, service_guard_directory=guard_dir, service_guard_files=[p for p in guard_files if p]),stream,indent=2)
stream.flush()
os.fsync(stream.fileno())
os.replace(path+'.tmp',path)
PYREC
}
resume_services() {
local failed=0 i
# Remove all our guards before starting dependencies in reverse order. Never
# start anything if guard cleanup/reload failed: retain manual recovery state.
if ! release_service_guards; then
echo 'ERROR: Could not release writer start guards; manual recovery required'
save_recovery
return 1
fi
if [[ $NC_CHANGED == true ]]; then
if occ maintenance:mode --off; then NC_CHANGED=false; else failed=1; fi
fi
for ((i=${#STOPPED_SERVICES[@]}-1; i>=0; i--)); do
[[ -n ${STOPPED_SERVICES[i]} ]] || continue
echo "-- Starting service: ${STOPPED_SERVICES[i]} (waiting for systemd)"
if systemctl start "${STOPPED_SERVICES[i]}" &&
[[ $(systemctl show "${STOPPED_SERVICES[i]}" --property=ActiveState --value) == active ]]; then
echo "-- Service started: ${STOPPED_SERVICES[i]}"
STOPPED_SERVICES[i]=''
else
echo "ERROR: Service did not become active: ${STOPPED_SERVICES[i]}"
failed=1
fi
done
if (( failed == 0 )); then
rm -f -- "$WORKDIR/recovery-$RUN_ID.json"
else save_recovery; fi
return "$failed"
}
finish() {
local code=$?
local recovery_ok=true
trap - EXIT INT TERM
set +e
if [[ $OPERATION == restore && $MUTATION_STARTED == true && $code != 0 ]]; then
if [[ $ENABLE_NEXTCLOUD == true ]]; then occ maintenance:mode --on || echo 'ERROR: Could not enforce Nextcloud maintenance'; fi
save_recovery
echo "ERROR: Partial restore. Service recovery requires manual review: ${STOPPED_SERVICES[*]}"
echo "ERROR: Keep Nextcloud in maintenance; review $LOG_FILE before restarting."
else
if ! resume_services; then code=1; recovery_ok=false; fi
fi
local report_sizes="$LOG_DIR/report_$RUN_ID.sizes.json"
if [[ ${CHECK:-false} != true && $ENABLE_MAIL_REPORT == true && $OPERATION == backup ]]; then
# Collect after service recovery but before successful staging cleanup.
python3 "$LIB_DIR/report.py" snapshot "$report_sizes" "${STAGING_DIR:-}" "${RUN_DIR:-${PARTIAL_DIR:-}}" ||
echo 'WARNING: Report sizes unavailable'
fi
if [[ $OPERATION == backup && $recovery_ok == true && -n ${STAGING_DIR:-} && ! -e $WORKDIR/recovery-$RUN_ID.json ]]; then
# A failed backup scratch copy is disposable once writer recovery succeeded.
# Never delete a locally complete set awaiting upload or a completion marker.
if [[ -n ${PARTIAL_DIR:-} && -d $PARTIAL_DIR && ! -e $PARTIAL_DIR/COMPLETE ]]; then
python3 "$LIB_DIR/space.py" remove "$PARTIAL_DIR" || code=1
fi
if [[ ! -d ${PARTIAL_DIR:-/nonexistent} ]]; then
python3 "$LIB_DIR/space.py" remove "$STAGING_DIR" && STAGING_DIR='' || code=1
fi
elif [[ ( $code == 0 || ( $OPERATION == restore && ${MODE:-} == verify ) ) && -n ${STAGING_DIR:-} ]]; then
rm -rf -- "$STAGING_DIR" && STAGING_DIR='' || code=1
fi
if [[ $code != 0 ]]; then
echo "FAILED (exit $code). Retained work: ${STAGING_DIR:-none} (temporary staging only)"
if [[ $OPERATION == backup && -n ${RUN_DIR:-} && -f $RUN_DIR/COMPLETE ]]; then
echo "Retained local backup: $RUN_DIR"
if [[ $ENABLE_UPLOAD == true && ! -f $RUN_DIR/UPLOADED ]]; then
echo 'Remote publication not confirmed; local backup retained for recovery.'
fi
fi
fi
# Close the logger's writers and wait for EOF so the mail tail includes the
# final recovery/status messages. Reporting itself uses the original stdout.
exec 1>&"$REPORT_STDOUT" 2>&"$REPORT_STDERR"
exec {REPORT_STDOUT}>&- {REPORT_STDERR}>&-
wait "$REPORT_LOGGER_PID" || code=1
# Persist status separately from --check; failed status writes also fail the job.
if [[ ${CHECK:-false} != true ]]; then
helper status "$WORKDIR" "$OPERATION" "$RUN_ID" "$code" || code=1
fi
if [[ ${CHECK:-false} != true && $ENABLE_MAIL_REPORT == true && $OPERATION == backup ]]; then
python3 "$LIB_DIR/report.py" deliver --sizes "$report_sizes" --log "$LOG_FILE" \
--output "$LOG_DIR/report_$RUN_ID.eml" --to "$MAIL_TO" --sender "$MAIL_FROM" \
--hostname="$MAIL_HOSTNAME" --subject-prefix "$MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX" --run "$RUN_ID" --exit-code "$code" \
--started "$RUN_STARTED_EPOCH" --phase "$BACKUP_PHASE" --upload-status "$UPLOAD_STATUS" \
--config "$CONFIG_FILE" --workdir "$WORKDIR" --archive-dir "$ARCHIVE_DIR" \
--staging-root "$STAGING_ROOT" --restore-root "$RESTORE_ROOT" --log-dir "$LOG_DIR" \
--compression "$COMPRESSOR" --remote "$RCLONE_REMOTE_BASE" --sendmail "$MAIL_SENDMAIL_BIN" \
--tail-lines "$MAIL_INCLUDE_LOG_TAIL_LINES" --timeout "$MAIL_SEND_TIMEOUT" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
rm -f -- "$report_sizes"
fi
exit "$code"
}
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